Overview
Migraine is a primary headache disorder, that affects 11% of adult populations in Western countries. Its prevalence is highest during the peak productive years of life – between the ages of 25 and 55 years. The activation of a mechanism deep in the brain causes the release of pain-producing inflammatory substances around the nerves and blood vessels of the head.
Migraine attacks seem less prevalent, but still common in Asia (3% of men, 10% of women), and in Africa (3-7% in community based studies). European and American studies have shown that 6-8% of men and 15-18% of women experience migraines each year. Similarly in Central and South America, where for example in Puerto Rico 6% of men and 15-18% of women suffer from migraines.
Symptoms
There are many different types of headaches, however, they share one thing in common – they all cause pain. Here is a brief list of the different types of headaches and associated symptoms:
– Migraines: moderate to severe head pain, partially or around entire head; light sensitivity; blurred vision; nausea; loss of appetite; paleness; fatigue; dizziness
– Tension-Type Headache: pain of varying intensity; pressure or throbbing; headache upon awakening; irritability; chronic fatigue; general muscle aching; sensitivity to light or noise
– Cluster Headache: intense one-sided pain; pain behind one eye or eye region; regular headaches usually at same time of day
– Sinus Headache: deep, constant pain in cheekbones, forehead or nose bridge; intensifying pain with sudden head movement
Causes
The cause of migraines is unknown. However, as with most other health concerns of unknown origin, there are different contributing factors suggested to be responsible for triggering migraines and headaches, including:
– Increased stress levels
– Warmer weather
– Strong scents, including perfumes, paint, dust
– Tight-fitting hair accessories
– Strenuous physical exertion
– Poor posture
– Eating aged cheeses, red wine
– Hunger headaches from skipping meals
– First- and second-hand smoking
– Excessive caffeine intake
Solutions
If you experience constant headaches, or feel that it is affecting your normal way of life, you will want to consult your family doctor who can conduct further physical and neurological diagnosis of your condition. In any case, the first thing to do is to take note of what triggers your headaches. Additionally, most persons can also treat themselves by various methods including:
– using a cold compress to the area of pain
– resting with a special supportive pillow for the head and neck
– over-the-counter pain medication
– resting in a room with no sensory stimulation (light, sound, smells)
– leaving stressful surroundings; managing stress
– sleeping
– moderating caffeine
– eating regular, balanced meals; drinking lots of fluids (water)
– massage and physical therapy