Overview
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder, where the skin cells grow too quickly. The most common form of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis (90% of sufferers) where red skin is covered with silvery scales and inflammation. These patches of skin plaques usually itch or burn.
The World Health Organization has found that 2 – 3% of the population is affected by psoriasis. Although psoriasis is not contagious it can be inherited. Research has shown that the condition is linked to an immune system disorder.
Symptoms
The classic symptoms of psoriasis are raised red patches of skin, covered with silvery scales usually on the knees or elbows, though the condition can appear on other areas of the skin. There are several different types of psoriasis, and the symptoms for each may vary in severity. The major symptoms include:
– Bright red areas of raised skin patches (plaques), covered in loose, silvery scales
– Tiny areas of bleeding when the scales are scratched or scraped off
– Mild scaling, to thick crusts on the scalp
– Itching, especially during flare-ups
Nail disorders are also common in sufferers, including:
– Tiny pits in the nails
– Yellowish discoloration
– Separation of the nail from the nail bed
– Rarely, but still found in some cases, build-up of skin debris under nail
Other symptoms may include:
– Similar plaques in same area on both sides of the body (e.g. knees, elbows)
– Many raindrop-shaped red patches (Guttate psoriasis)
– Joint swelling, tenderness and pain (Psoriatic arthritis)
Causes
The precise cause of psoriasis is not known. Although medical research has indicated that it may be inherited, where parents pass it down to their children. However, the condition is not contagious. Doctors also believe that the immune system plays a significant role in causing psoriasis. Other factors affecting psoriasis development or worsening, include:
– Climate: cold, dry weather makes condition worsen
– Skin injury: infection, inflammation and scratching can create flare-ups
– Stress and anxiety
– Infection: infection such as strep throat can cause flare-ups, especially in children
– Certain medications: some medications like NSAIDs, lithium have been linked to flare-ups
Solutions
Most persons suffering from psoriasis are properly diagnosed by their family doctor. It is important to seek treatment and guidance, especially when the condition is affecting your way of life. Treatment for sufferers can vary from topical treatments to UV or phototherapy. Some of the most common treatment methods also include:
– Some exposure to sunlight
– Keeping the skin soft and properly moisturised
– Avoid irritating cosmetics or soaps
– Avoid scratching or itching
– Soaking in bath water with added oil
– Over-the-counter cortisone creams have been used to relieve itching
