Overview
Eczema is a form of dermatitis or inflammation of the outer layer of the skin. Atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema, which refers to an allergic tendency which causes an inflammation of the skin. Even though atopic dermatitis itself is not caused by an allergy, it does predispose sufferers to a higher risk of developing other allergic conditions, e.g. asthma.
The prevalence of eczema has been seen to peak during infancy, however for some it lasts into adulthood as a chronic, recurrent disorder. The frequency of eczema has also been seen to have increased substantially in the latter half of the 20th century. In the UK, 1 in 9 persons have been diagnosed with eczema at some point in their lives.
Symptoms
Almost always, there is an itchiness that is experienced before a rash appears. Typically, eczema reveals itself in the following ways:
– Intense itching
– Rash later appears, usually red and bumpy
– The rash itches or burns
– When scratched, it may ooze then become crusty
– In adults, chronic rubbing produces thickened plaques of skin
– Some develop fluid-filled bumps that when scratched add wetness to the appearance
– Painful cracks can develop over time
Causes
The exact cause of eczema is unknown, however it is thought to be linked to an overactive response by the body’s immune system to unknown triggers. That being said, it is generally agreed that the tendency to have eczema is genetically inherited. Like most other noninfectious diseases, atopic dermatitis can be triggered by environmental factors.
Common triggers include the following:
– Exposure to certain household products, like harsh soaps and detergents
– Solvents
– Low humidity
– Lotions
– Contact with rough or coarse materials
– Sweating
– Rubber or plastic gloves
– Repeated wetting and drying of the skin e.g. food handling
– Rubbing of the skin
Solutions
Eczema can be diagnosed by a paediatrician, allergist, dermatologist, or your primary care provider. The goal of treatment for eczema is to relieve and prevent itching, which can lead to infection. Since the condition makes skin dry and itchy, lotions and creams are recommended to keep the skin moist. Cold compresses have also been used to relieve itching. Removing whatever is causing the reaction is also a very simple way of dealing with eczema, which may be as simple as changing your laundry detergent or avoiding certain clothing.
Eczema outbreaks can be avoided or the severity lessened by these simple steps:
– Moisturize frequently
– Avoid sweating or overheating
– Avoid sudden changes in temperature or humidity
– Reduce stress
– Avoid scratchy materials, like wool
– Avoid harsh soaps, detergents and solvents
– Avoid environmental factors that trigger allergies (e.g. dust mites, mould, pollen, pet dander)